Aircraft and method of flight



Dec. 13, 1932. BRlNER 1,890,931

AIRCRAFT AND METHOD OF FLIGHT Filed Jan. 6, 1928 19 Sheets-Sheet lhiding/S5 .auoentoz Dec. 13, 1932.

E. A. BRlN ER l;8 90,931

AIRCRAFT ANDMETHOD OF FLIGHT Filed Jan. 6, 1928 v Q u mt Dec. BRINER AIRCRAFT AND METHOD OF FLIGHT Filed Jan. 6, 1928 19 Sheets-Sheet 3 lilll Ii i l I Dec. 13, 1932. A B NE 1,890,931

AIRCRAFT AND METHOD OF FLIGHT Filed Jan. 6, 1928 19 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVEN TOR 1 1932" E. A. BRINER AIRCRAFT AND IETHOD OF FLIGHT feats-Sheet 5 I INVENTOR Dec. 13, 1932. E. A. BRINER AIRCRAFT AND METHOD or Puma:

Filed Jan. 6. 1928 19 Sheets-Sheet 6 I 3-Jun- 1 hhjhness WMMQS Dec. 13, 1932. B m R 1,890,931

AIRCRAFT AND METHOD OF FLIGHT Filed Jan. 6. 1928 19 Sheets-Sheet 7 wvmess I v awueuto'a I Dec. 13, 1932. E. A. BRINER AIRCRAFT AND METHOD OF FLIGHT Filed Jan. 6, 1928' 19 She'et s-Sheet 8 INVEN TOR Dec. 13, 1932. E. A. BRINER AIRCRAFT AND' METHOD OF FLIGHT Filed Jan. 6, 1928 19 Sheets-Sheet 9 Dec. 13, 1932. BRlNER 1,890,931

AIRCRAFT AND METHOD OF FLIGHT Filed Jan. 6, 1928 19 Sheets-Sheet 1O Dec. 13, 1932. E. A. BRINER 1,890,931

' AIRCRAFT AND METHOD or FLIGHT Filed Jan. 6, 1928' 19 Sheets-Sheet 1,1

anvehtoz 1 1932' E. A. BRINER AIRCRAFT AND METHOD OF FLIGHT Filed Jan. 6, 1928 19 Sheets-Sheet .12

WNNMQ gum/whoa:

Dec. 13', 1932. E A BR|NER AIRCRAFT AND METHOD OF FLIGHT Filed Jan. 6, 1928 19 Sheets-Sheet .13

awuwitoz Dec. I3,' 1932. E. A. BRINER j AIRCRAFT AND METHOD OF FLIGHT i9 Sheets-Sheet 14v QUDCK RELEASE 0F RIGHT BRAKE- Filed Jan. 6. 1928 i REYERSINE f LEFT WING I. AK ER R B R F m CENTERING Uvvmwm 'nmu LEFT

1 E. A. BRINER AIRCRAFT AND METHOD OF FLIGHT IS-Sheets-Sheet 15 Filed Jan. 6, 1928 Dec, 13, 1932. E. A. BRINER AIRCRAFT AND METHOD OF FLIGHT Filed Jan. 6, 1928 19 sheets-sheet 16 INVENTOR Dec. 13; 1932. E. A. BRINER 4 1,890,931

AIRCRAFT AND METHOD OF FLIGHT- Filed Jan. 6, 1928 19 Sheets-Sheet 18 Hum,

IN VEN TOR 1932- E. A. BRINER AIRCRAFT AND METHOD OF FLIGHT Filed Jan. 6, 1928 19 Sheets-Sheet 19 Mun L055 Patented De e. 13, 1932 PATENT OFFICE EMIL A. BRINER, OF EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY AIRCRAFT AND METHOD- F FLIGHT Application filed January 6, 1928. Serial No. 244,829.

This invention relates to aircraft and a method of flight having for its object greater safety in navigating the air, including greater range of safe angles for climb and descent at low speeds; practical ability for attaining nearly vertical ascent or descent, either in taking ofl or in landing; and ability to hover in the air with a heavier-thanair machine. Provision has been inade to atto tain greater stability of the airplane as regards pitching, rolling, and yawing (swinging about a vertical axis). A number of devices and controls have been provided for various purposes and contingencies. Some of these devices actautomatically. Some controls are arranged ,to work automatically upon pressing a button with the foot. I particularly seek to achieve useful low speed ranges, safety in commercial aviation. The beginner naturally wishes to move'slowly, whether driving on the ground or piloting in the air. It is only by attaining safe low speeds by actual demonstration that genuine public confidence can be gained. The present engine-driven airplane takes off and lands at speeds around forty to seventy miles an hour, a condition that does not promote nor warrant much public confidence for a begin- 30 ner. My invention relates especially to an airplane, or helicopter, and a method of flight with ability to take ofl, fly, or land at low speeds, of fromzero up to perhaps forty miles per hour in still air.

Websters Dictionary shows the word helicopter to be derived from two Greek words spiral and fwing. these spiral wings have usually been propellers. In its broader sense of spiral win 4 the invention does perform as. a helicopter It has a large'wing that may be revolved to follow a spiral course. It is not a helicopter in the sense of having a 1propeller, or propellers, used as lifting ,p anes. My ob ect 45 I is to use the helicopter principle for taking off and landing, and in getting underway or slowing'down for a sto The helicopter principle is alsp very use 111 for slow speed flying, for observation, photography," all forms of rescue work, etc., when so controlled which are so much needed to secure In practice,

con theground or on by the pilot. I firmly believe that by achieving this one point of safe slow flight alone, the invention will gradually win popular approval by making the landing and take ofl gradual and sure. My invention also provides the essential attributes of a good gliding plane; so that a pilot can take 01f, fly, or land in the ordinary manner of gliding planes at any speed that would be possible in straight flight. I In other words, the invention may be hopped ofi or landed, either as a helicopter or as an airplane. It is also possible with control apparatus herein described to shift with safety from either method of flight to the other while in the air. This can be done at such speeds as practical air sense would deem prudent. Using the helicopter principle, described herein, makes it feasible to take off? or land in small spaces, and in places where long smooth runs are not available. Emergency landings may mean swamp, mud, sand, bushes, or even forest. The plane that can come nearest to meeting these contingencies with a fair degree ofsafety is the one nearest general utility. At present there is a strong commerciallonging for an air- .plane that can land upon a fiat roof or upon the deck of a steamer, Without the expensive elaboratlon necessary 1n naval airplane carriers. I have hopes that my invention will be able to meet nearly all of these conditions.

Existing types of airplanes, when operated as seaplanes or flying boats, require a hydroplane type of hull to enable the plane to attain the necessary isipeed on the surface for properly taking 0 and alighting on the water. My object is to avoid long runs on the surface of the water as well as along the ground. In the constructionherein described, I have shown a couple of roundontoons streamlining the landin gear. hey serve to make possible the den 1e purpose of taking of! or' alighting safel ,either the water, -w en the helicopter principle is-nsed. So far as I know, there is no published record'of'a helicopter thatxhas been able to rise from the water. I ex ect to demonstrate this 'ossibi1ity- Pubhshed records to date in beta 00 

